Russian Security Strategy of 2007, in regard to the new NATO strategic Essay

Russian Security Strategy of 2007, in regard to the new NATO strategic concept - Essay Example Russia seeks to create a regional security and cooperation system that differs from that of the West so as to ensure Euro-Atlantic regional unity3. The country has adamantly rejected NATO’s (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) further expansion, more so with respect to Georgia and Ukraine. The country seeks to engage several Eastern countries including China, India and Troika in alliances. In this respect, the country intends to oversee the creation of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)4. This organization is an alliance of seven countries that are members of the Commonwealth of Independent Sates (CIS). NATO’s new Strategic Concept outlines the roadmap for the security of its member states for the next decade, alliances being one of its areas of core focus5. The Concept focuses on the need for NATO to see the formation of alliances that will see the military based organization maintain its capacity to ensure international stability and collective defence . The Strategic Concept furthermore demands the formation of alliances that will invest in major capabilities to counter or otherwise contain emerging threats and to gain defence against cyber and ballistic missile attacks.

The Acute Care for Elders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Acute Care for Elders - Essay Example This figure translates to an increasing expenditure on health care to the point of divesting budget from other social services. Statistics show that 10% to 12% of the total health care budget is spent for the aged (CSHRF, 2004). This population also accounts for 13% of the country's total hospitalization (Amador et al, 2007). This scenario brings us to the question of "how can the cost of dying be reduced so that the aged and terminal patients opt for spending their last days in care of any kind to reap the maximum benefit in producing a successful, healthy, productive and active aging". One of the popular responses to the growing economic cost of dying is the removal of "aggressive life-sustaining interventions for dying patients" (Ezekiel J. Emanuel, 1994). The use of pre-need plans such as Medicare is already very much popular. In this paper, we ascertain as to what degree they are used by the patients. This forms essential part of the economic cost of dying as pre-need plans is a form of savings for death. Amador, L.F., Reed, D. and Lehman, C.A. (2007). The acute care for Elders: Taking the rehabilitation model into the Hospital setting. Rehabilitation Nursing, Vol. 32, No. 3, p. 126-132. ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source. CSHRF Canadian Health Services Research Foundation, (2004

Properties And Uses Of Green Fluorescent Protein

Properties And Uses Of Green Fluorescent Protein ABSTRACT Green fluorescent protein has natural fluorescent properties which can be used in various applications. Mutagenesis of wild type GFP gives variants that are widely used as protein fusion tags, as biomarkers, used in studying protein interactions and localization of signals. GFP variants have led to technological advancement in biological studies such as FRET. In this review, we will study properties, uses, and variants of GFP developed in recent years. INTRODUCTION The green fluorescent protein was first observed by Shimomura et al in Aequoria victoria. He suggested 4-p-hydroxybenzylidine imidazoline-5 as its chromophore, which is involved in the fluorescence activity of GFP (Tsien 1998). The expression of this gene was later explained by Chalfie et al (1994). The chromophore which is made of 3 residues which are ser-tyr-gly (65-67) in the GFP protein makes the 4-p-hydroxybenzylidine imidazoline-5 structure later by post translation (Yang et al 1996). The structure of GFP as suggested by Tsien is ÃŽÂ ²-barrel with 11 stands. The chromophore lies in the centre of the ÃŽÂ ²- barrel and is attached via alpha helix. The number of amino acids which make up the GFP is 238 (Tsien 1998). PROPERTIES AND USES OF GFP The wild type GFP from Aequoria victoria has an excitation spectrum of 395nm and 475nm (absorbs blue light) with an emission peak of 508nm and 503nm (maximum) (emit green light) respectively (Tsien 1988). The GFP can be excited by UV lamps as well as fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC) filters due to its spectral range (Margolin 2000). The cloning and expression of GFP gene has given the important information of fluorophore synthesis in protein (Schwartz and Patterson 2006).The wild type GFP folds very slowly to attain active fluorescent state(mature chromophore) (Margolin 2000).The synthesis of fluorophore in GFP protein is an autocatalytic process. Mutagenesis of GFP tells that G67 is required for the fluorophore formation. The core fluorophore from Renilla reniformis is identical to A.victoria. It shows an excitation of 498nm (Yang et al 1996). With the help of Mutagenesis variants of GFP were created, one of the point mutation was S65T which increased the speed of fluorophore formation. The other mutations Ala206-lys206, leu221-lys221, phe223-arg223 helped to overcome GFP dimerization (Schwartz and Patterson 2006). There are 7 distinct classes of GFP variants based on chromophore component which acts on different absorbance and emission spectra (Tsien 1998).The Enhanced GFP (EGFP) variant has S65T mutation (improves fluorophore formation and brightness), phe64-leu64 (pacifies sensitivity to temperature), and codon optimization (expression in mammalian cells), which makes it a useful protein tag (Schwartz and Patterson 2006). Figure 1. The above graph shows the absorbance and emission peaks of wtGFP and EGFP. The blue circles depict the major minor absorbance peaks of wtGFP and green circles show the single emission peak of wtGFP. The blue and green squares show the absorbance and emission peak of EGFP respectively (Schwartz and Patterson 2006). There is a progress in the development of cyan and yellow shifted mutants (CFP and YFP) from A. victoria, which are pH sensitive and mature faster than wild type (Chudakov et al 2005). Cerulean is a bright CFP developed by Rizzo et al to use it in FRET based sensors for glucokinase activation (2004). GFP mutants can be used as fluorescent markers for time independent cell process. When mutants of GFPs are immobilized in aerated aqueous polymer gels and are excited at 488nm, they show repeated cycles of fluorescent emission (blinks several seconds). Hence, they are also used as molecular switches on optical storage elements (Dickson 1997). Elowitz et al (1997) found that photoactivation of GFP takes place in presence of low oxygen. Among several photoactivatable proteins, PA-GFP (thr203-his203) from A. victoria was the first which have 100-fold increase green fluorescence at 517nm. KFP1 is a recently developed variant obtained from Anemonia sulcate which can be irradiated in reversible as well as irreversible ways upon green light irradiation (Chudakov 2005). The plasmid vectors which are used to express proteins in bacteria use GFP fusion expression system. A number of proteins involved in cell division process in E. coli have been fused with GFP and expressed by lac promoter (Margolin 2000). GFP fused with Dictostelium myosin cells was used to study the myosin activity. The expression of GFP myosin fused protein proved that myosin is involved in cytokinesis and development of Dictostelium discoideum ( Moores et al 1995) GFP is protected from photobleaching by its rigid shell. Certain mutants are created by random combinations and directed mutagenesis (Kasprzak 2007). Major changes in fluorescence can be obtained by engineering the phosphorylation sites under defined conditions. FLIP (fluorescence loss in photobleaching) and FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) are fluorescence imaging techniques are use to study protein kinetics, which is performed by photobleaching (Baker et al 2010). GFP along with these techniques is use to study gap junctions channels in living cells. FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) is the most common technology used to create biochemically sensitive GFP variants. In this quantum mechanical phenomenon, the emission spectrums of two nearby fluorophores overlap the excitation spectrum of each other (one acts as a donor and the other as acceptor). It is also used to study the distance between protein residues and monitoring motor movements (actin or microtubules). The chromophores of GFP are labelled as donor and acceptor and are linked with motor proteins. There are 3 approaches namely, single pair molecule FRET (spFRET), Luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET), and transient FRET measurements (Kasprzak 2007). Figure 2. Image showing the use of GFP as fusion tag (middle), promoter activation (left) and protein interactions by using FRET (right). The florescent proteins used in FRET are shown by coloured barrels and target proteins as grey and black ovals (Chudakov 2005). Miyawaki et al (1997) constructed indicators, which they called cameleons, for monitoring Ca+ signals in organelles and cytosol. The cameleons were created by using blue/cyan emitting GFP mutants, calmodulin, calmodulin binding peptide and blue/green emitting GFP. They used the FRET method. Abad et al (2004) developed a chimera of GFP that is used as a probe for studying changes in mitochondrial matrix pH. CONCLUSION In summary, there are wide variants of GFP used in various applications. The variants allow multicolour labelling of cells for detection. It has given new perspective in fluorescent imaging techniques such as FRET, FLIP, and FRAP. Monitoring promoter activity and localization of signals have become simpler by the use of GFPs.

A Separate Peace: Finny - How Things Change Essay example -- essays re

A Separate Peace: Finny - How Things Change In the novel "A Separate Peace," by John Knowles, a boy named Gene visits his high school 15 years after graduating in order to find an inner peace. While attending the private boys school during the second World War, Gene's best friend Phineas died and Gene knows he was partially responsible. Phineas, or Finny as he was sometimes called, was the most popular boy in school. He was a handsome, taunting, daredevil athlete. Gene, on the other hand, was a lonely, self-sufficient intellectual. Somehow the two became good friends, or so Finny thought. Gene, unfortunately, was bitten by the green-eyed monster of jealousy. Gene just couldn't come to grips with the idea that a person of Finny's stature would want to be his friend. Gene's envy grew to a point where he was willing to severely injure Finny for being too perfect. Unfortunately for Finny, Gene succeeded. Finny's seeming perfection, his strong beliefs, and his ability to forgive trace his development throughout the novel. Finny's seeming perfection was the basis for Gene's resentment towards him. Gene thought that everything Finny did was perfect, which just upset Gene all the more. Finny was so perfect that he didn't care what others thought, like when Finny wore a pink shirt as an emblem after the bombing of central Europe. " '...Pink! It makes you look like a fairy!' 'Does it?' He used this preoccupied tone when he was thinking of something more interesting than what you had said." One time Finny and Gene were at the swimming pool when Finny noticed that a boy named A. Hopkins Parker had the record for the 100 yards free style. When Finny realized that A. Hopkins Parker had graduated before they came, he remarked, "I have a feeling I can swim faster than A. Hopkins Parker." He was right. Gene was ecstatic that Finny could do such a thing without any training or anything. All Gene could say was, "You're too good to be true." In certain ways he was. Throughout the book Gene knows that Finny has some strong beliefs. The first three he noticed were: "Never say you are five feet nine when you are really five feet eight and a half"; "Always say some prayers at night because it might turn out that there is a god"; an... ...y?" "I believe you. It's okay because I understand and I believe you. You've already shown me and I believe you." Finny forgave Gene and all was well, at least for a little while. Finny's development can be seen throughout the novel by tracing his seeming perfection, his strong beliefs, and his ability to forgive. Finny changed from being the best athlete in the school to being the only one who couldn't go to the war. Finny was a very good person. Finny was a very firm believer in what he thought was right. Finny was a very forgiving person, believing in the forgiveness of friends. Unfortunately, Finny died due to the negligence of the school doctor. When Finny's leg was being set some bone marrow escaped into his blood stream stopping his heart. When Gene heard this news he didn't cry. Gene felt that, along with Phineas, he himself had died, and you don't cry at your own funeral. Gene went back to his school to come to grips with the fact that he was partially responsible for Finny's death. Finny was not perfect; D's on his tests and bad grades show that. But to Gene, Finny was perfect and always would be.

Exploration of the themes in the play “Legal Weapon”

Considering Andy's past. We worked in small groups to devise a short piece to reveal one of he triggers in Andy's formative years which has led to the character as we see in the play. We used similar techniques used in the play. Our instruction was to devise a short piece of drama which would explain Andy's present character. In order to achieve a successful piece of drama we needed to plan our performance carefully. We began by brainstorming and trying to accumulate ideas which we could develop or incorporate in our drama. I eventually came up with the chosen idea. I knew that the piece had to convey an extremely influential event in Andy's history and I suggested a life changing experience in his child hood. The idea was really simple but had a lot of hidden complications which needed to be considered. My suggestion was hat Andy as a child had been given a toy car by his grandfather who inevitably dies but as a result of Crime. My suggestion involved Andy being bullied as a child and having his toy car stolen by the bullies, as a result of the teasing he vowed never to be slow. The torment the bullies gave him scared him for life and the most memorable remarks for Andy were â€Å"You're too slow† or â€Å"You're not fast enough†. When we finally began developing the piece it was important to emphasize these points in the drama because they explained a great deal about the whole story. We used things like repetition volume and levels to create a greater affect and to capture the audience's attention. The diagram below shows the transformation from the bully scene to the last scene where Andy crashes into the girl on the moped. It shows clearly how we merged the bully scene with and as a child with the final scene. We split the play into four scenes and they were as follows: 1. Andy's granddad giving him the toy car. 2. Andy going to school and being confronted by the bullies. 3. Andy in the playground being tormented and teased by the bullies whilst begging for his car back. 4. Andy shouting whilst taking position on a chair conveying the idea of a flashback. I had the role of Andy and I think the reason for this was because it was my idea and therefore I understood the story the best. The piece came together accordingly and we accomplished the task well. Our transformation from scene 3 to 4 was a lot more successful than we expected and the audience's reaction was encouraging. After this we then watched a short video of young people who enjoy joy-riding. We discussed what motivates people and began to observe the possible similarities with other crimes. The video we watched helped us a lot to understand the reasons which people have as there motivation to joy ride. We began discussing the affect of the community and environment and that sometimes its just because there's nothing else to do. I never felt happy with our discussion so I decided to do some research on my own and see if I could find any relevant information which could account for joy riders. Offender Profile: Motivation There are many different reasons for vehicle crime. Vehicles may be stolen: * For casual use – usually temporary for joyriding or to get from a to b * For systematic financial gain – i.e. in an organised way for export, resale or breaking into parts. * For insurance fraud by owners. Studies such as that by Spencer (1992) show that: * Fun, excitement, status/showing off and financial gain are significant motivating factors for young male car crime offenders; * Involvement in a police chase is often seen as adding to the thrill; and * Peer groups have a powerful influence. Motivational factors may change as criminal careers evolve. The desire for excitement may be replaced by a financial dependence on auto crime. The very last thing we done was hot seating. Post prison Andy sat in the hot seat and Answered a number of quick fire questions. I was Andy for a short period of time and I think the exercise was extremely helpful because it allowed thinking on the spot and begin to sculpt a more detailed version of Andy. It was interesting being asked and asking questions because it allowed Andy to explain him self rather than us having to assume. A few examples of the questions I was asked are as follows: If you could change the past would u still have speeded? Do you wish it was the man who robbed your grandfather that you killed instead of Andy? Do you blame the bullying in your child hood as the cause for your speeding problem? My answers to the questions differed form those of the other to Andy's and it was interesting comparing the different versions of the character Andy which we had. Everyone took on a role a someone involved either directly or indirectly. Our relationship with Andy had to be conveyed through our posture and face expression. I was a shopkeeper who disliked Andy because he was a thief. Although my relationship with Andy was indirect this still had to be conveyed to the audience. This had to be suggested in the way I moved around the space and my reaction when I saw Andy. We then moved into a still image reflecting the neighbourhood and wider society. We created a still image to represent out relationship with Andy in comparison to each other. The main focus of the tableaux was Andy and all of our attention had to be on him rather that the camera. Thought tracking was used to aid the audiences understanding of our characters. This gave each of us an opportunity to express more literally our feelings towards Andy. This was then repeated the difference being Andy's recent release from prison. Also Kelly's parent were now involved. It was interesting to see how our perception of Andy was affected by his imprisonment. I think peoples actions definitely contribute to there characteristics and personalities. We then had a discussion based on differences and grievances felt by individuals which was useful. We acknowledged the truth of how and ex convict is treated by society and decided that this was an inevitable reaction of imprisonment. We all felt that rehabilitation is not present in prison and that prison seems to have only one purpose keeping criminals away from the public. The idea of once you're a criminal you remain a criminal was mentioned several times. In a line with Andy at one end, characters had to reveal their trust in post-prison Andy by there proximity to him. We then improvised in pairs a discussion between Andy and hi Parole Officer. The teacher would stop and start different groups using the technique of cross cutting to highlight issues concerning the central character. The reason this exercise was good was because we were improvising. The improvisation meant tat we had to think on the spot about our arguments and comments. We got to put our entire preparation work o practise by exercising our opinions and ideas through the improvisation. Development Use the style and technique of Legal Weapon to devise a presentation highlighting one of the themes covered in the workshop. After exploring Legal weapon to such a great depth we were ready to begin constructing our own presentation which some how incorporated some of the ideas present in Legal weapon. We started to think about the different possibilities of drama which we could explore. We sat down for a good 15 minutes trying to conjure up any appropriate ideas but we were not succeeding. We knew that our drama had to have some of resemblance or relationship to legal weapon and it was this restriction or criteria which made it harder. Eventually we came up with several ideas and this now became confusing and made it harder to make a decision about which one we would use. Then one of us suggested a really good idea of a loop in our play. This triggered all of our imaginations and we began to pour with suggestions. We finally came to an agreement about which ideas we would use. The idea of a dream becoming reality excited all of us and we began to develop an actual plot around it. We decided the main character would have a dream about and event which would actually happen in the future, a premonition, but he wouldn't be aware of its truth until it actually started to tae place. We knew that if it was to work it would have to be well organised and well thought through so we began breaking it apart and concentrating on smaller sections rather than the whole piece. The piece was to start in the dream and then only show glimpses of the dream. Our intention to achieve the affect of glimpses was to use lighting and keep changing places every so often to suggest movement and differences in time movement and differences in time. The reason we wanted this affect was because we wanted to keep the audience in suspense so that when the dream actually come to life they are not aware of its reality straight away. Another reason was because usually in dreams people never actually remember the whole dream the only usually remember bit and pieces. The idea was that Ross would have a dream about robbing entering a shop with two fiends and then sees the shop keeper with a gun pointed towards his friend. The next glimpse of the ream would be his friend dead on the floor suggesting to the audience that he was sot by the shop keeper. We never wanted to show the actual shooting happen and the reason for this is evident in the last scene. Towards the end of the dream when Laurie (the friend who got shot) is lying on the floor with Ross on top of him shouting â€Å"wake up† we had the lights go off for the final time for the duration of the dream. However Ross still continued shouting â€Å"wake up wake up† and the shop keeper who now became Ross's father began shouting it as well. The lights came back on and Max (Ross's dad) was on top of Ross shaking him and shouting â€Å"wake up wake up†. By this point me and Laurie and moved positions and were sitting on two seats which were supposedly in one of our houses. We then began a long sequence of cross cutting between us and Ross and Max. Me and Laurie we talking about how we needed money soon and then eventually came to the conclusion we would rob this shop on Sunnydale which had no CCTV footage. Ross was asking his father (Max) for money whilst eating breakfast. Me and Laurie decided we needed one more person who needed money as much as we did and then I said â€Å"What about Ross† and as I finished saying it max said â€Å"Ross I don't have any money for u†. The overlapping of Ross in the two scenes created a good affect. Ross stormed out of his house and said he going to the shop then me and Laurie left the house also going to the shop. We met Ross in the shop and then the lights went off and we froze to suggest the idea of us explaining to him what we were intending to do. The loop now began and Ross noticed some similarities with his dream and we conveyed his awareness y a brief soliloquy where Ross said â€Å"wait a minute† and then continued. This time there were no lights going off because it wasn't a dream it was reality and but the only difference was at Ross was aware of where the shop keeper kept his gun. This changed everything and created suspense for the audience. They were unaware of what would actually happen. Seeing as Ross knew where the gun was kept and had realised that his dream was actually happening he thought he could avoid Laurie being shot so he grabbed it and pointed it at the shop keeper. We thought that it would be too simple for Ross to ill the shop keeper so we ended the performance with a twist and had the shot keeper grab Laurie and Ross shoot Laurie. The presentation ended with Ross in despair and me shaking Laurie and shouting â€Å"wake up wake up†. Our inspiration for the loop came form the play Legal Weapon and another performance we were taken to see last year. I think we succeeded in portraying our idea accurately and I was really pleased with our final performance. However had we been given more time I think we could have made it a lot better by possibly involving more characters and using music and better lighting but it was still excellent taking into account our time limit. Evaluation We spent a lot of time on this section of drama and the text for Legal weapon influenced a lot of the drama that followed. We started off by exploring the text and gaining strong understanding of what exactly was happening and then began to explore it physically by actually devising a piece of drama which evolved around it. The play legal weapon was written in a very unique way which was often confusing a times. We often could interpret the text in more than one way and this sometimes led to shirt debates about the endless possibilities of what the author actually wanted to portray. We were given the task of creating a piece of drama which explained the reason for Andy speed and subsequently killing a girl. This task was aided with the research and preparation we had done which included a sort video on Joy riding. This gave us a lot of ideas but our chosen idea was completely different. We decided that out drama was going to show that Andy's excuse or reason for speeding was subsequently due to his child hood experiences. Our drama showed how as a child Andy was given a toy from his granddad that died soon after. He took this car too school with him and one day he was face with a group of bullies who stole it off him and began to tease and torment him. The bullies yelled and shouted at him that he wasn't fast enough and he never would be and Andy kept shouting back saying â€Å"I am fast enough I am fast enough! This scene involved a lot of movement and eventually flowed swiftly to the last scene as I previously explained in the response with Andy pushing the accelerator in his car and still shouting I am fast enough suggesting the idea that it was all a memory. I think that this was a very well planned response to the play and we achieved exactly what we wanted to. This however was only the penultimate stage to another performance. Our next drama was completely open to all possibilities the only criteria we were given was that it had to evolve around the theme of crime. I explained in detail in the development section what drama we done and how we responded to this task but I never explained our views and the audiences. After the performance we spoke to the audience (our fellow classmates) and discussed the good and bad elements of our performance. This was extremely helpful because it helped us understand how well we communicated our ideas. Our drama was extremely detailed and very well organised. We often tried to consider all the minor details in order to certify a professional performance. Little things like timing and positioning were rehearsed repeatedly until perfect. One part in particular was when I and Max had an overlap in our lines. This was intentional and it created a great effect when perfected. I feel that in both our performances we performed strongly and equally expressed our characters appropriately. I also feel that from the audiences' response and reaction we succeeded both times in generating entertaining and interesting pieces of drama.

Instagram

Introduction to entrepreneurship Midterm assignment Kevin Systrom, founder and CEO of Instagram Introduction Kevin Systrom is an American entrepreneur most known as CEO and founder of Instagram, the most popular worldwide sharing application. This program has 85 million users and 4 billion photos were shared. So what makes it so special? It is a combination of passion for photography and weal to make it easy and available for everyone by just using your mobile. Kevin says â€Å"It’s one thing to share the photo but another for that photo to look gorgeous and be something you would like to keep forever. †(Systrom,2012)The reason why I decide to report Kevin Systrom is in my opinion he gives the best example how great idea can be transformed into successful company in very limited amount of time. Second after completing my research I realized that innovation made by him would have huge influence on social network in future. Last but not least his set of mind, values and p ersonal characteristics fulfill my vision of perfect entrepreneurial set of mind. Entrepreneurial path and mind-set Kevin Systrom was interested in entrepreneurship from very young age; his mother used to work for a monster. com back than and currently is an employee of Zip Car.Since that time technology was exiting for him, he took decision to go to private school that was an hour drive away in order to take computer science classes, as he considered them fun and useful. With the age of 12 he found the way to block his friend cursors and knock them offline. In his free time Kevin was creating websites for his friends and classmates, an example can be PhotoBox created in order to post pictures from latest keg party. He applied to Stanford with the intent to study computer science, but after taking the first course in advance programing he realized it was probably not a right thing for him.He used to spend 40 hours per week studying it and could barely get B. So he switched to manage ment science. He says, â€Å"It basically taught me how to be an investment banker. †(Systrom,2012) What really stands out for me is Kevin,he is really open minded and ready to explore new things. He is always looking for opportunity to get some experience even if it doesn’t seem applicable at the moment he believes it can be useful in long-term perspective as long as you do intellectual activities. During his junior years in Stanford he went to Florence, Italy in order to study Photography.Combing this experience with his technological background helped him to create open platform for visual media, which gained such a success. Being in Florence he also applied for a program created for young entrepreneurs, the core idea of it put students in groups of 12 people and paired them with successful entrepreneurs in order to share experience about structure of deals, fundraising and recruitment of people. The program’s co-director, Tina Seelig, says, â€Å"Systrom st ood out as an obvious  ­entrepreneur, he was always building things—always experimenting.It was in his nature to be looking at the world through the lens of ‘Where’s the opportunity here? ’† (Bertani, 2012) He completed his first summer internship at Odeo (that would later create Twitter), it was where he realized that he wanted to become and entrepreneur and got the first real feel of it. During this internship an important contact was made, he was working in a pair with Jack Dorsey, later the creator of Twitter. In future he will help Instagram to gain that popularity. Once Systrom was hired for a project manager position at Google.After about a year working there he realized his hunger for a start up. Soon after he came up with the idea of Instagram, called Burbn back than. In winter 2010 Stanford education and his ability to communicate helped him to make right connections for the future. It is important to meet people, communicate and keep in touch, that what in the end really makes difference. Steve Anderson, whom he met during his VC meet ups, got interested in his idea and agreed to invest $250,000 needed to start the company with the only condition, he wanted Systrom to bring in cofounder.He contacted Mike Krieger, another Stanford graduate with a majored degree in symbolic system, and proposed to join Burbn as cofounder. Mike got interested in this offer. It was the first check in service that he actually liked, so he accepted the offer. Systrom was able to identify a gap in a market place; it was decided to create photo- only, mobile-based service. He says, â€Å"It was an opportunity to create a new type of service, a social network that wasn’t based on a computer but computer in your hands†(Systrom,2012) His creativity and ability to come up with not obvious decision were crucial for the company development.Once during his holidays in Mexico, his girlfriend told him she wanted her pictures to look a s beautiful as pictures of their friend, who was a fan of photography and used different filters. It was a point where Kevin realized what Instagram was missing and spent the rest of the day working on this idea. Not long after first filter was added to program features and users loved. It helped to make even average mobile picture special. On the 6th of October 2010 Instagram became available in apple app, over the night it was downloaded by 25,000 users.With a help of Adam D’Angelo, whom he knew from flat party in Stanford they managed to get on Amazon com servers. In a meter of month 1 million users were using Instagram on regular bases. In April this year Mark Zuckenberg offered to purchase Instagram for $1 billion, with Systrom’s skake of 40% or $400 million. It is quite shocking as Instagram is a company with zero revenue and only 14 employees, however Facebook is highly interested in a mobile platform with 85 millions users. â€Å"This is the first thing I†™ve seen that feels like it’s truly native to mobile,† says Matt Cohler, the former VP of product management at Facebook. Bertani, 2012) It was decided that even after buying out, Kevin Systrom would run Instagram independently. The company is at the beginning stage of its growth. It’s currently working only with AOS, but Android and web will also be considered in future. Failure and actions As company activities are based on innovation the risk of is failure is quite high. There is a myth that successful startups based on single great idea Kevin however claims that there are only couple that entered and ended up doing exactly same thing.Idea is not something you can just wake up one day with, you have to take steps, find solutions and solve problems in order to create something valuable. In fact the idea of Instagram is based on another application created by Systrom, called Burbn. It was really simple and basic with only four different tabs, created as check in service, the innovative thing about it was like no other service Burbn gave people an option to attach their photos together with a location. It was discovered users are not checking in that much however they love to share their pictures.Burbn didn’t become successful. It was too hard to explain to people outside their friend group. Kevin and his team even joked that it didn’t pass the Bar test, meaning the idea was not clear enough to be explained in a noisy bar. It is important to present your product to customer as quickly as possible; it is a big mistake to wait for too long. The â€Å"right way to fail† is to fail early and often, in this way you don’t waste your recourses and you are able to identify if the direction in which you are working is right to fulfill people’s needs.Kevin believes that it’s totally normal to fail in the organization. Failure is required in order for right solution to be found. When Burbn was presented to p eople it turned out to be most Eye opening experience and he realized the idea has to be refined. The company was continuously failing with Burbn, so based on this experience the idea was changed. The check in was demoted and photos were promoted, in a new program (Instagram) you start with a photo and then optionally you can add a location and it turn out to make a huge difference.During the process of development filters were added and it was a break through for Instagram, as they realized they want to make photos better for people. Kevin states, â€Å"We were thinking how to encourage people to take more photos and we realized we want their photos to look better†. (Systrom,2012) Motivation The main drive and motivation for Kevin Systrom is a strong belief in what he is doing. The company Instagram didn’t want to build just a fun application, what it is aiming for is an application that solves problems and making people’s life better.The idea of Instagram in l ong term is a program that helps you to explore the world, your way to get news and experience events you were not able to attend. The ability to tune in any place in the world and see what is going on. They want to become world-changing company. It is first truly International network, as you don’t need to speak the same language in order to communicate through visual media. The obsession with his idea is highly beneficial for the company. As entrepreneur he works all the time, sometimes he skips birthday parties and has luck of sleep in order to solve the problem that may appear.He is exited about what he is doing and always looking for solutions and ways how to give world something it was asking for during a long period of time. Conclusion The goal of this report was to research and analyze the entrepreneurial path of Kevin Systrom. And to find an answer what is a key to his success. Through the report I have learnt few important lessons that can be useful for my future ca reer. The first of them is you can fail in order to find the right answer, it is completely normal to make mistakes, what is more important is to be able to find solutions and ways to improve.Usually the idea you will start with it’s not going to be exactly the same with your final idea. Second thing that I would like to keep in mind after finishing this report is its importance to hire right people. With the example of Instagram we can see that 14 really talented people can run a company in such a successful way. As well it is critical to find people who share passion for what you are doing.Reference Bertoni, S. (2012, August, 01). Instagram's Kevin Systrom: The Stanford Billionaire Machine Strikes Again. Retrieved October,10,2012, from http://www. forbes. com/sites/stevenbertoni/2012/08/01/instagrams-kevin-systrom-the-stanford-millionaire-machine-strikes-again/4/ Kevin Systrom,Mike Krieger (2011,May 11). From Stanford to Startup [Video file] [Video file]. Retrieved October 10,2012, from http://ecorner. stanford. edu/authorMaterialInfo. html? mid=2735 Noer, M. (n. d. ). 30 under 30 [Video file] [Video file]. Retrieved from http://video. forbes. com/fvn/30-under-30/30-under-30-kevin-systrom/

The American Judicial System

The American Judicial System The American judicial system is perceived as one of the most independent judicial systems around the world. However, there are factors which negatively influence the operations of the judiciary in exercising legal matters. In this essay, I will explore why I believe the independence of the American judicial system is compromised.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The American Judicial System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fact that federal judges are approved by senate after being nominated by the president puts at stake the independence of the American judicial system and the conduct of its judges. This largely discredits the selection of federal court judges as the process of selection may not be transparent and may even take a political dimension. Moreover, approval of judges by senate (after appointment by the president) means that the executive arm of government exercises control over the judiciary. This put s into question the ability of the judicial system to exist independently (OConnor and Sabato, 200). For example, an election petition by Algore, challenging the re-election of George Bush, was shot down in unclear circumstances perceived to be politically instigated. In addition, O’Connor and Sabato use Hamilton’s quote to emphasize the vulnerability of the Judiciary. They suggest that the American Judicial System â€Å"neither has the power of the sword nor the power of the purse† (OConnor and Sabato, 330). This jeopardizes formulation and implementation of policies. According to OConnor and Sabato, federal court judges are appointed in a political process and are never subjected to voter approval. They can only be removed from office by impeachment. Certainly, impeachment of a judge who is biased is almost impossible (OConnor and Sabato, 302). This instills doubt on the ability of the American judicial system to exercise judicial matters independently. When o ne critically analyzes the profile of federal court judges, it is clear majority have held political offices, for example positions of prosecutor and campaign strategist. The profiles of these judges influence how they vote on judicial matters. Therefore, the voting process may be influenced by extralegal factors including political influence, corruption, attitude, public opinion and the ideologies held by judges (OConnor and Sabato, 245). The influence of judges by factors mentioned above means that judges are unable to exercise impartial judgement.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since there is lack of independence in the American judicial system as explained above, it is important to subject federal court judges to approval by the public. This should apply to the whole judicial system including state courts. For example in California, such measures exist as judges are su bjected to approval by the public, can be removed by a committee on judicial performance, and run for elections every six years (OConnor and Sabato, 328). According to OConnor and Sabato, Article III of the United States constitution establishes the Supreme Court where all judicial power is vested and covers life tenure on the part of judges. Moreover, this article establishes the compensation of judges so that they exercise judicial matters without being compromised. Though the key objective of this article was to address the limitations of the article of confederation that relied on the state for judicial matters, it has done little to check existence of bias in the judiciary (OConnor and Sabato, 187). According to OConnor and Sabato, the power of the courts to ascertain if laws or other legal matters contravene the constitution (judicial review) is not mentioned in the constitution. Furthermore, judicial review has been minimally used and even abused. For example, it has been use d minimally to challenge powers of congress but maximally as a tool to make state legislative acts toothless by invalidating them (OConnor and Sabato, 301). From the above argument, it is clear the American judicial system is almost toothless and it exercises legal matters in the midst of influence. Though the federal courts in the United States are very powerful today, they exercise their power to serve the interests of various quarters which may be extra political or intra-political. This jeopardizes the independence of the judicial arm of government as entrenched in the constitution. OConnor, Karen, and Larry Sabato. Essentials of American Government: Continuity and Change. Longhorn Publishers, 2010. Print.

Free Essays on Mascots

Do you remember when you went to your school football games and seen the schools mascots. Well how would you like it if the board of education said you were humiliating someone’s cultural? The only way to fix it is to get rid of the mascot that has been symbolizing your school for the last thirty years or so. You would not like it and many students that are in high school with Indian mascots are going through this. Many schools such as Fallbrook also know as the warriors, the El Cajon valley high braves are some of the schools that are some of the high schools that legislation wants to abolish the mascots. The legislation is saying that high school mascots that symbol American Indians are making fun of there cultural. I personally don’t see what can offend them as me being part Indian don’t see anything wrong with it. Mascots are a high school must but what would you do if your teachers said you are making fun of Indians because you are the Fallbrook warriors. Well I would want to know why? Many students are probably not aware of him or her making someone’s cultural. I don’t think they should be saying they are â€Å"humiliating Indian cultural†. As a student I think that many things are wrong with this. First off-instead of changing the school’s mascots because they are ‘humiliating Indians† they should educate the students on were there mascots are from and study the cultural. As for me I don’t think they are offending at all. Mascots are a necessary in high school it’s a way to have fun and get away form classes. Different mascots are better then just one because if we all had the same school mascot it would not be as much fun. As for the schools that have Indians as there mascots don’t make it â€Å"humiliating† they make it honorable. If you ask me I think the legislation should educate their students or their mascots and not waste the money and change them.... Free Essays on Mascots Free Essays on Mascots Do you remember when you went to your school football games and seen the schools mascots. Well how would you like it if the board of education said you were humiliating someone’s cultural? The only way to fix it is to get rid of the mascot that has been symbolizing your school for the last thirty years or so. You would not like it and many students that are in high school with Indian mascots are going through this. Many schools such as Fallbrook also know as the warriors, the El Cajon valley high braves are some of the schools that are some of the high schools that legislation wants to abolish the mascots. The legislation is saying that high school mascots that symbol American Indians are making fun of there cultural. I personally don’t see what can offend them as me being part Indian don’t see anything wrong with it. Mascots are a high school must but what would you do if your teachers said you are making fun of Indians because you are the Fallbrook warriors. Well I would want to know why? Many students are probably not aware of him or her making someone’s cultural. I don’t think they should be saying they are â€Å"humiliating Indian cultural†. As a student I think that many things are wrong with this. First off-instead of changing the school’s mascots because they are ‘humiliating Indians† they should educate the students on were there mascots are from and study the cultural. As for me I don’t think they are offending at all. Mascots are a necessary in high school it’s a way to have fun and get away form classes. Different mascots are better then just one because if we all had the same school mascot it would not be as much fun. As for the schools that have Indians as there mascots don’t make it â€Å"humiliating† they make it honorable. If you ask me I think the legislation should educate their students or their mascots and not waste the money and change them....

Bisexuality Politicised Essay Example for Free

Bisexuality Politicised Essay This paper asks the question how can bisexuality be or become a danger to the dominant sexual script which I problematise as produced racism, sexism, homophobia, and monosexism. That this brand of heterosexuality occupies 99% of our cultural space in entertainment, education, history and public expression and is considered inevitable and unchallengable for 90% of peoples relationships is, I will argue, the victory of white patriarchal science. I intend to show the nature of this victory and imagine what counter struggle and victories might emerge from the site of my bisexuality. The Historical role of Biphopia- Policing the Treaty. Underpinning this paper is the belief in that many if not all heterosexual identifying people can be bisexual and that the majority are to some extent not privately monosexual. The majority status of bisexuality does not make it normal nor ideal however I mention it because it is important to realise that the invisibility of bisexuality requires extraordinary effort to maintain and it’s repression occurs against all people not just a few â€Å"natural† bisexuals. To understand the historical role that biphobia has played and the historical position of bisexuality it is necessary to recognise homosexuality as a creation of western patriarchal and homophobic medical science. Women have always loved women and men have always loved men but the classification of these experiences as a sexuality with little or no element of choice and a biological or individual psychological basis was given currency in the 19th century by a professional class that feared same sex desire. Their construction of homosexuality shaped and informs Western cultural understanding of sexuality â€Å"not in the first place because of its meaningfulness to those whom it defines but because of its indispensableness to those who define themselves against it. † (Segal, L. p145) for it was and is needed â€Å"not only for the persecutory regulation of a nascent minority of distinctly homosexual men (and women) but also for the regulation of the male (and female) homosocial bonds that structure all culture – at any rate all public or heterosexual culture. † (Eve Sedgewick in Segal, L. pp194-5) Early psychoanalytic texts were quite explicit that the project was to police all male and female relationships warning â€Å"teachers and parents not to take too lightly friendships among girls which become passionate† and society to â€Å"be more concerned with the degree of heterosexuality or homosexuality in an individual than they are with the question of whether he has ever had an experience of either sort†. â€Å"The real danger from homosexuality† was seen to lie â€Å"not in actual sex association but in homosexual attitudes towards life† such as the negative attitudes of â€Å"thousands of women †¦ toward men, marriage and family life† influenced by â€Å"latent homosexuality† for â€Å"neurotic attitudes about love and marriage can prove contagious. † (Caprio, F. pp 6 -11) Generally, prior to this the western world had relied on Christianity to dictate the terms of sexuality. Whether sexual attraction was â€Å"natural† was no defence under a regime which tended to view â€Å"natural† sexual desires as needing control from a religious authority. The medical establishment faced the dilemma of replacing religious authorities without having any utilitarian basis for the repression of same sex desire. The construction of homosexuality as a distinct condition was to define normality as exclusive heterosexuality. In fact heterosexuality was simply the condition of being human. Sexual behaviour became a product of a persons condition; the â€Å"human condition† producing normal heterosexual behaviour. There was now no need for a religious justification for preferencing the heterosexual over the homosexual because behaviour was not a matter of choice but a matter of whether or not you were ill; Well or sane people simply didn’t want to have sex with people of their own gender. This was presented as a more humane response to homosexuality than religious condemnation or incarceration. Psychiatrists often called themselves compassionate as they argued for an adoption of â€Å"scientific† curative responses to homosexuality. (Caprio, F, p. xi) The majority gay and lesbian movement accepted the shifting of sexuality into an area for science and have embraced the notion of a biological basis or early psychological basis for sexuality. Their fight has largely been for homosexuality to be treated as incurable and it follows natural and equally valid alternative to heterosexuality, jettisoning any agenda to argue that is better. Only a minority have argued that homosexuality is a political choice and an option for everyone. With both sides ceasing hostilities1, when homosexuality was delisted as a mental illness in 1973 (Altman,D. ,p5), institutionalised heterosexuality and gays and lesbians overt interests have moved to coincide. Victories to normalise homosexuality also normalise heterosexuality’s dominance by depoliticising sexuality in general. In 1993 when a homosexuality gene was â€Å"discovered† a genetic basis for the majority status of heterosexuality was created though not declared. Anyone who would argue that the commonality of heterosexuality might have something to do with social programming and institutional support can now be said to be messing with nature. The proud bisexual threatens this peaceful coexistence of the heterosexual majority and homosexual minority. Recognition of our bisexuality requires a validation of our sexual relationships with people of our own gender based on choice rather than the agreed legitimate biological basis. Such choice may be personal or circumstantial but also political or moral. Normalising bisexuality with a biological cause won’t defuse it’s threat though it could contain it if it relegates us to a fixed minority status. Society still has to reckon with why we choose to validate relationships with people of our own gender by identifying as bisexual. We reopen old debates that many who have found safety in a biological basis for their monosexual identity want to keep closed. (I will revisit this fear in the last section, Bisexuality and the Future when I discuss Bi supremacy. ) A bisexual identity simply has to be defined as confused or an exception to the rule. Individuals have to be pressured to fit themselves into one or the other category. In a secular society without moral taboos people can’t be allowed to entertain the idea that their partners gender is political. Also, understandably gays and lesbians know those moral taboos still hold significant power so many still see their best option as policing the treaty based on the attribution of their sexuality to a biological or psychological cause. Bisexuality and identification – Withdrawing our support for the status quo. The bisexual identifying person is not predominantly someone who feels attraction equally to both genders or without any reference to gender2 and in terms of actual sexual or emotional experience the majority could be classified as predominantly homosexual or heterosexual. â€Å"Why then, don’t you call yourself gay or straight? † is the inevitable response to this confession. And confession it feels like because to indicate a â€Å"leaning† puts at risk the validity given to a bisexual identity within contemporary discourse. Sexual expression is usually presented as representative of something innate rather than a mediation between a person and their world. Consequently the woman who says she usually finds women easier to make emotional connections with is seen to be describing her â€Å"innate† difficulty emotionally connecting with men rather than her experience of men and their culture. Asserting a bisexual identity in the face of this invalidation is about contextualising sexual responses rather than finding invisible internal reasons for them. A bisexual identity in the above circumstance keeps open the possibility that a preference for emotional relationships with women could change if men and male culture changed. Alternatively a preference for sex with men might be attributable to homophobia. (Weinberg, M. S. , p221) The reasons for choices are not always positive ones but the possibility for counter argument exists. Holding onto a bisexual identification based on potentiality, rejects the conservatism of describing reality by the status quo. However a bisexual identity is also partially an attempt to accurately relate personal history as well and this too has a radical power. Most monosexual identifications represent people only by concealing some bisexuality. By identifying as bisexual a person accepts and celebrates those aspects of their life that are inconsistent with a monosexual identity. The power of metanarratives within modernism, including descriptions of sexuality, relies on such inconsistencies being deemed insignificant. Hence a public bisexual identity is a confrontation of generalist theories with lived experience. If people promote such a solidarity with their experiences and the people who compose them that is greater than any to a proposed theory then expounders of metanarratives (including myself) will lose power. Our authority to dictate â€Å"from above† will be replaced by a decentralised authority based on being â€Å"up close† to our own reality. Bisexuality and other oppressions. Sexuality forms alliances across genders, ethnicities, and classes so any bisexual movement which fails to take gender, race or class issues into account poses a real danger of obscuring differences and concealing oppression. (This is also true for a multiplicity of issues such as disability or mental illness). My discussion of bisexuality and other basis for oppression are not intended to present bisexual identification as the panacea of the worlds ills. Social change must be inspired by a diversity of experience and informed by a range of critiques. Given the above it is presumptious for me as a half-wog male to seek to resolve ongoing debates about a bisexual political agenda among feminist women or debates among black women and men on how to connect bi pride with anti-racism. To do so would be to pretend that I can speak from only my bisexuality and abandon any white, male perspctive. As a long term unemployed person I believe I can speak on class issues from the inside to some extent but also still acknowledge the privelage of my university education. This is not to say that I think that sexism is a womens issue or that the responsibility for opposing racism is solely non-whites. Nor am I comfortable being accountable to lesbian or straight feminists on the issue of bisexual profeminism or placing beyond reproach the homophobia of some black liberationist theorists like Eldrige Cleaver. What to speak on and when in regard to a radical bisexualitys’ impact on patriarchal, white supremist and class oppresion is best defined as problematic. As a simple way out I hope to show how I see a politicised bisexuality contributes to my pro-feminism, anti-racism and support for class struggles. It is my hope that this will have relevance for a wider audience. Radical Bisexuality and Pro-feminism. Judith Butler states that â€Å"the heterosexualisation of desire requires and institutes the production of discrete and assymetrical oppositions between â€Å"feminine† and â€Å"masculine† identities. † (Segal, L. p190) Monique Wittig goes further to argue that a woman’s place in heterosexuality is a class of oppression and that the lesbian escapes her class position. (Wittig, M, p. 47) I agree that â€Å"hetero†-sexuality (literally a sexuality based on opposites) reproduces and supports womens oppression in other spheres by creating a binary gender system. Men need to realise that their love for women is problematic when it is that â€Å"love† of the â€Å"feminine identity† that belongs to this sytem. This is the attraction for the other and requires women’s difference to be exaggerated and emphasised. These exaggerations shape women as not-men while we men shape ourselves and are shaped into embodiments of the ideal. The seeming irony of male heterosexuality where women are objects of love being consistent with misoginy where women are objects of hate makes perfect sense through the operation of oppositional heterosexuality precisely because the love requires women to be less than men. A love that does not require partners to be different than ourselves is not possible within exclusive heterosexuality because it fails to provide the argument to repress same sex desire. It is necessary for heterosexual men to confront their homophobia which demands they repress or invalidate their same sex desire before they can love their female partners as their â€Å"own kind† and not another species. An additional benifit to patriarchy of discrete gender identities that is liable to be lost when men reject oppositional heterosexuality is the regulation of male social interaction. The arguments to exclude gay men from the military reveal the mindset deemed necessary to produce a war machine; â€Å"We are asking men in combat to do an essentially irrational thing – put themselves in a position where they are likely to get killed †¦ One of the few ways to persuade men to do that is to appeal to their masculinity †¦ You cannot have an adrogynous military †¦ The idea that fighting is a masculine trait runs deep. As a cultural trait it predates any written history. It may even be a genitic trait †¦ Just think what it would mean to demasculinize combat. The effect on combat effectiveness might be catastrophic. † – Charles Moskos, Military Socioligist quoted in Colonel R. D. Ray, Military Necessity and Homosexuality (Gays:In or Out, p63) It is regrettable that non-heterosexual men and many women are proving they too can make excellent soldiers. 3 However the above quote exaggerates a fact that male â€Å"buddy† relationships are relied on by the military and that this requires a repression of same sex desire. This is because same sex desire is preferential – it is not a love of all men equally – but of a few and potentially for a time. The same-sex loyalty that is demanded by patriarchy including it’s military needs the stability of exclusive heterosexuality; â€Å".. the recognition of homosexuality is a threat to that peculiar combination of male camaraderie and hierachy on which most organisations depend; sexual desire is too anarchic, too disrespectful of established boundaries to be trusted. † (Altman, D. p63) Unravelling their heterosexuality is not the most important thing men must do to support feminism however it is a legitimate part of this support for â€Å"it is the repressed recognition of this fact (that everyone can be homosexual) that does much to fuel homophobia, but equally acts so as to promote male bonding and certain crucial authority structures. † (Altman D. ,p XI) Radical Bisexuality and Racism. The construction of homosexuality as a â€Å"natural† difference from the heterosexual norm shares and competes for the same conceptual space as constructions of race as biological differences from the white norm. This is particularly true because the hetrosexual ideal is represented as white with the sexuality of non-whites traditionally seen as untamed, violent, promiscuous or otherwise deviant even if heterosexual. Non-whites are considered only ever partly heterosexual while white queers are considered not proper whites. The competition for the limited conceptual space has led to historical difficulites in linking white supremacy with heterosexism (exacerbated by white queer activists own racial interests) and in fact has unwittingly linked Gay Power with white power. â€Å"Homosexuality as a race† has developed into a gay and lesbian ethnicity. For whites under racism where their whiteness is considered the norm and thus unnamed, this ethnicity is their only ethnicity, the lesbian/gay â€Å"language† their only language, and lesbian/gay history their only history, to the point that it is not seen as a difference within whiteness but a difference from whiteness. (Blasingame, p52) While we (white queers) are unconscious of our whiteness queer cultural politics consequently becomes a way of colonising non-white cultures with a new white culture, white leaders and white history in a particularly insidious way. While not as powerful as heterosexual institutions for people wanting to be publicly non-heterosexual we have considerable power; in the framing of beauty along racist lines, in the support of white non-heterosexual bourgeoius or political leaders and in the very conceptualisation of sexuality. As one example Brenda Marie Blasingame in Bisexuality and Feminism speaks of a history of sexuality in U. S. black communities which did not include placing people in particular â€Å"boxes† and accepted the practice of bisexuality. A part of moving into the white gay and lesbian movement for her was the requirement to come out as a specific sexuality and accept the marginalisation of bisexuals. For many people who are not white taking up a gay or lesbian and to a different extent bisexual identity requires an abandonment of their own ethnic politcal identity or view. (Blasingame, pp. 51 – 53) The common conceptual space of non-heterosexual and non-white however can and should however produce queer anti-racism provided white queers realise that this conception of their sexuality is wrong. There is a shared interest in anti-racism and anti-heterosexism in critiqing normalcy and naturalness. As only one example the construction of beauty posits that naturally â€Å"Gentlemen prefer Blondes†. Not only is this sexist for reducing women to a hair colour (and the Blonde is meant to be read as a woman) but it is heterosexist and clearly as racist as â€Å"Gentlemen prefer whites† when Blonde is only a white persons natural hair colour. When we politicise our sexuality we can open up not only the arguments against heterosexual dominance but the arguments against the sexual sterotypes of non-whites including the framing of Asian men as â€Å"young girls† represented in this regrettable quote from the 70’s magazine Gay Power; â€Å"I dig beautiful oriental men. Asking me to shoot at them is the same thing as asking heterosexual soldiers to shoot at beautiful young girls that they would like to fuck. † (Teal, D. p99) Radical Bisexuality and Class. It is worth noting that capitalism which I understand as the continual oppression of the poor that patriarchy is for women is no longer wedded to heterosexuality in Western affluent nations as it has been in the past. This is because Western nations are primarily consumer societies of fairly easily produced goods (easily because their production is either located in the Third World or in the Quattro Monde – the world of the Western underclass or because their production is automated). Western capitalism can therefore relax the â€Å"restraint and repression† which was necessary to both control factory floors and ensure a ready supply of human capital through reproduction. (Altman D, p90) Part of this is also due to unemployment and global capital mobility being sufficient to obtain cheap labour and another contributing factor has been Western women raising their education so they are more useful in employment than at home. Also marriage was the institution by which women were given the role of providing a whole range of services capitalism wouldn’t such as aged care and child raising as well as supporting adult men. Now many of these services are provided by profitable private institutions so traditional marriages are actually in competition with capitalism. Of course the worlds poor can’t afford these services and Thirld World countries remain supportive of compulsory heterosexuality (Altman, D, p90) but in the Western consumer-capitalism there is a an interest to increase consumption through the market of previous services fulfilled by women’s unpaid labour. In order to perpetuate consumption growth capitalism must also locate new disatisfactions like teenage angst, at an alarming rate while also offering at a price their answer. In this context gay, lesbian and even bisexual identities as well as transgenderism, S+M and fetish celebrations are eagerly embraced by many industries as the basis for new markets. Our anxiety for recognition, meaning, ceremony and a positive celebration of our sexuality are easily exploitable. â€Å"†¦ one of the possible negative side-effects of the popularity of ‘lesbian chic’ was that it codes lesbianism as merely a kind of fashion statement, something that requires certain consumer goods to mark the individual as lesbian. † (Newitz & Sandell) Bisexuals have to be mindful that while we seek recognition, capitalism is looking for new markets and while these interests coincide this will only be true for those of us who can afford it and it will be on the backs of the world’s poor involved in the production of our new consumerables and bearing the greatest brunt of the waste from our new consumption. One positive way to resist becoming merely another market is by applying the awareness of the political nature of sexual desire to the desire for consumer goods and services. Both desires are constructed to serve particular interests and not fundamentally our own. Through working to ensure that all of our desire works for liberation we will resist commodification as we achieve recognition. Bisexuality and the Future To outline what I see as the goal of Radical Bisexuality I will illustrate two scenarios depicting false victories and one which I believe genuinely opens up the greatest possibility for liberation. Scenario 1. Recognition of bisexuality as a third alternative way that people unchangably are. To some extent as I have said earlier this can’t overcome the capacity of bisexuals to fit in as straight and thus can’t conceal the choice to embrace the homosexuality within the heterosexual that they represent. However there are arguments that could be presented that bisexuals have to express their same sex desire or become depressed (â€Å"go mad†). These arguments could form the basis of depoliticising and medicalising bisexuality as has been done with homosexuality. This may make bisexual lives easier to defend and add to the options for young people but relegates bisexuals to the same minority status as is currently given to gays and lesbians. Most people who admit to loving their own gender in straight society would face the same oppression bisexuals now face as â€Å"heterosexual experimenters† and recruitment of the majority would be difficult as they would remain â€Å"true† heterosexuals as unable to change as â€Å"true† bisexuals or gays and lesbians. Further it could also trade the oppression that is invisibility for bisexuals with the oppression that is hyper-visibility for straight men and women, and increasingly gays and lesbians. Having recognised sexuality’s repression but not it’s production we will be easily exploitable by capitalism and our liberation may mean as being as marketed to and ritutalised as heterosexuality. Scenario 2. Bisexuality is considered the only natural sexuality which equates it with the only right sexuality. Heterosexuality would be patholigised along with homosexuality as both are considered to have unnatural â€Å"blocks† to loving one or the other gender. This is Bisexual Supremacy which I acknowledge as a justification for gays and lesbians to distrust bisexuals. While it is unlikely to be widely accepted it is possible that it could dominate queer spaces as a pocket of resistance to heterosexual dominance in the same way as celebrations of gay and lesbian purity have. It is certainly more likely to be targetted at lesbians and gays than straights and while this is the fault of heterosexism’s power, not my own, it must be refuted. This is not to say that politicising sexuality will not require some gay men in particular to reassess their rhetoric. Mysoginistic comments which denegrate women’s bodies deserve political criticism and can’t be assured the right to be accepted. However the wider charge of institutionalising the sexual oppression of women and supporting male social bonding can’t be levelled at male homosexuality and certainly not at lesbianism. Indeed at certain points in the struggle against institutionalised oppression different sexual identifications and choices will be appropriate. Because bisexuality is as deliberate a sexuality choice as any other and not a submission to some biological imperative (and even if it were I reject the claim that naturalness equals rightness) we can’t claim an non-contextual ideal status. Its political usefulness is only that of any tactic relative both to the circumstances and to the person, meaning that for some and at some times other sexual choices and identifications are more appropriate. Bisexual supremacy also prioritises the effort to be bisexual over other efforts to unravel heterosexist, patriarchal and racist programming. I have already stressed the need for a variety of critiques of power to inform social change which Bisexual supremacy ignores. In particular men in relationships with women need to realise that doing their share of the housework is far more meaningful than maintaining or developing their capacity to love other men. Scenario 3. The Dream. Realising our sexualities are scripted will hopefully prompt redrafts along feminist, anti-racist and anti-capitalist lines. No-one should be the sole author of this project even with their own sexuality as we all need to listen to the perspectives our privelages rob us off. Certainly a part of this will be a dialogue between political lesbians, bisexuals and straight women which already has a history and whose future I don’t want to conclude. Consequently my dream is vague. What I don’t see in this future is the fetishisation of wealth, whiteness or gendered difference. Women in relationships with men will recieve support and encouragement as full humans. Advertisers will be incapable of capturing our consumption with snake oil as we demand economic production satisfy new needs that we create, for justice and community. Pleasure including sexual pleasure will mean enjoying our values not forgetting them. Bisexuality like other sexualities will have to argue it’s political legitimacy but not it’s existance. Sexual identifications such as â€Å"Confused† may replace bisexual for many if it is recognises more of their personal truth and political terms like Anti-racist may be key elements of sexual identification. Radical bisexuality wont end all struggles but the raw energy of sexuality will be accountable to and in the employ of the great project of improving the world . Bibliography Altman, Dennis, The Homosexualisation of America, The Americanization of the Homosexual, St. Martins Press, New York, 1982 Sedgewick, E. K. , â€Å"How to Bring Your Kids Up Gay†, pp. 69 – 81, Fear of a Queer Planet : Queer Politics and Social Theory, Warner,M. (Editor), University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1993 Segal, Lynne, Straight Sex: Rethinking the Politics of Pleasure, University of California Press, U. S. A. , 1994. Foucalt, Michel, The History of Sexuality, Volume 1:An Introduction, Allen Lane, London, 1978 Newitz, A. and J. Sandell,â€Å"Bisexuality And How To Use It: Toward a Coalitional Identity Politics†, Bad Subjects, Issue # 16, October 1994 Caprio, F. S. M. D. Female Homosexuality:A Psychodynamic study of Lesbianism, The Citadel Press, New York, 1954 Weinberg,M. S. , C. J. Williams, D. W. Pryor, Dual Attraction: Understanding Bisexuality, Oxford University Press, Inc. , New York, 1994 Blasingame, B. M. , â€Å"The Roots of Biphobia: Internalised Racism and Internalised Heterosexism† in Closer to Home: Bisexuality and Feminism, Edited by E. R. Wise, Seal Press, U. S. A. , 1992 Colonel R. D. Ray, Military Necessity and Homosexuality , reprinted in Gays:In or Out: The U. S. Military & Homosexuals – A Source book, Brassey’s, March 1993. Teal D. , The Gay Militants, Stein and Day Publishers, New York, 1971. Wittig, M. , The Straight Mind and Other Essays, Beacon Press. Boston, 1992 Descriptors for Sexual Minorities †¢ Front Page †¢ What is h2g2? †¢ Who’s Online †¢ Write an Entry †¢ Browse †¢ Announcements †¢ Feedback †¢ h2g2 Help †¢ RSS Feeds Contact Us Like this page? Send it to a friend! Descriptors for Sexual Minorities | Asexuality | Homosexuality Heterosexuality | Bisexuality | Polyamory | The Kinsey Scale | The Gender Pronoun Game | Coming Out Embarrassing Questions About Sexual Orientation | Going Back In – Sexuality U-turns Modern culture has developed a number of terms and symbols to set apart its sexual minorities. Some of these originated within the different communities themselves. Others evolved from scientists, psychologists, legislators, and newspaper reporters trying to describe their gay, bisexual, transsexual, and polyamorous subjects. Many include obscure references to history that go largely unrecognized. Words Lesbian The word lesbian comes from the Greek island Lesbos, where the poet Sappho lived in 600 BC. Sappho wrote numerous poems about her female love, most of which were destroyed by religious fanatics during the Middle Ages. While the first usage of the word lesbian is unknown, it was used in several academic books as early as 1880. The word became more popular during the 20th Century, especially during the feminist era. The term ‘lesbian separatist’ was commonly used to distinguish feminists who wished to avoid the company of men altogether. Fag, Faggot, Fag Hag ‘Fag’ and ‘faggot’ are American insults for gay men. The term ‘faggot’ first started being used in this way in around 1914, but it is not clear where the word came from. A faggot is a bundle of sticks, used for firewood and tied up for carrying around. In the 16th century it was used as an insulting term for a useless old woman as something that weighs you down, in the same way that ‘baggage’ is sometimes used nowadays. But it’s quite a jump from 1592 to 1914 with nothing recorded in between. Gay men in the latter half of the 20th Century began using the term ‘fag hag’ to refer to straight women who frequently gather at gay establishments, partly as an insult and partly because of the rhyme. Dyke Contrary to popular belief, the origin of the insult ‘dyke’1, in reference to lesbians, has nothing to do with waterways or canals. The word first appeared in 1710 in British newspaper stories about presumed homosexuals Anne Bonny and Mary Reed. The two women captained a very successful pirate venture and completed several lucrative raids of the British Empire before agreeing to be interviewed. Reporters often noted their predilection for wearing men’s clothing, and one editorial avoided the unpleasant connotations of cross dressing by using a French word which refers to men’s clothing, dike. Over the years, this term was corrupted to the modern form ‘dyke’. Since then, general misunderstanding about the term’s origins have inspired many stand-up comedy routines and bad puns. Polyamory, Polygamy, Monogamy The prefix ‘poly-‘ means many, while ‘mono’ means one. The suffix ‘gamy’ was originally from the French word for marriage, but has since been misunderstood as referring to sex. These terms refer to the number of consensual romantic partners taken by each adult in a family. Of course, the suffix ‘amory’ refers to love. Polyamory is a relatively new term coined by modern practitioners, and is greatly preferred by them. Polygamy and the now defunct term bigamy were coined as early as 1800, as the practice of multiple marriages was outlawed in most Western nations. The state of Utah in the USA applied for Statehood three times before finally accepting an injunction against the polygamy practised at that time by the Mormon church. Polygamy is commonly understood as referring to heterosexual relationships where the man has multiple partners. However, with modern polyamory any combination of genders and orientations fulfills the definition. It is not necessary for all parties in a polyamorous relationship to be involved each with the other. Gay During the 1800s and early 1900s, ‘gay’ was simply a state of jubilant happiness. However, during the late 1800s gay was sometimes used to describe prostitutes in much the same way that the phrase ‘happy hookers’ is used today. One theory is that gay came into use to describe homosexual men because of the rise in numbers of male prostitutes during the 1900s. Another theory is that ‘gay’ was Bisexuality Politicised. (2016, Aug 04).

Has Wikipedia influenced the way we gather information Research Paper

Has Wikipedia influenced the way we gather information - Research Paper Example These changes have helped us to get better and better. Mobile phone can be claimed to be the icon of Information Technology as today globally there are over 6 billion mobile connections and around 4 billion of these belong to unique consumers, it can be implied that two out of three people on earth have cell phone. The cell phone subscribers are increasing rapidly. SMS is a very popular service that cell phone users avail, in 2012, 2.19 trillion SMS were sent and received by the American population (Wireless Federation, 2013). In the course of communicating through short messages a surprising phenomenon has surfaced. It is that SMS - supposedly the cheapest mode of communication as a result of which this modality of communication is most popular amongst young subscribers, especially students. An extract from a school girl’s SMS is: "My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we used 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 :- kids FTF. ILNY, it's a gr8 plc." [3] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.(BBC, 2003) It may be c hallenging for a sexagenarian to comprehend this message, few may take it as an output from a web based transliteration tool. A closer look at the text being exchanged by students comprise of shortcuts, homophones, omissions, emoticons, typos, native language, initials, acronyms, simpler tenses as well as verbs and the punctuation has been used in a different form. In this information age, this new choice of communication has come up and it has many names, like txt talk, txtese, txto, chatspeak, txt lingo, SMSish, txtslang etc. The young children and students use a different type of language while texting, the fact is visible from the above cited text. Accordingly, numerous academicians, experts and others have echoed their concerns about the possibility of language deterioration. Extant peer-reviewed literature published on research carried out by researchers in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malaysia posits that textese is popular not only in developed countries but it is equally popular i n developing countries (Ahmad, Nurullah & Sarkar, 2010) (Aziz, Shamim , Aziz & Priya , 2013) (Jungesj, 2011). Textese is gradually showing up as a disruptive medium, it has not only entered the social networking domain but is starting to topple email writing. With the kind of acceptance and extent of adoption, linguists are intrigued at the way the communication through texts is impacting the language of the users. As per linguists, textese has a convention but it is not structured and it is less sophisticated. The reason that language in textese has evolved is that because the convention is very user friendly, to the extent that typing a textese appears to be as east as talking. Another good reason for the popularity of textese could be that a user can key in the message at very high speed. In other words, because of the stipulated length of text that is 160 characters – a user can pack lot more information when compared with grammatically correct English. Furthermore, a dee per analysis of textese indicates that it has numerous short-forms like LOL – Laugh Out Loud, ROTFL – Rolling On The Floor Laughing. A specific website lists over 1100 smileys and acronyms those form a part of textese. Expressions like LOL can be seen as a marker of accommodation, some call these as pragmatic particles as they are

Existence of God Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Existence of God - Research Paper Example Science believes only in things which can be proved with the help of experimental facts. In other words, as long as the existence of God proved beyond doubt with some kind of experiments, science may not believe in God. On the other hand, religions give more importance to beliefs rather than facts. According to religious views, science or humans have limitations in explaining the existence of God since God has more power than humans. Creations can never be superior to the creator. In short the arguments in favor and against the concept of God seem to be endless. This paper analyses the arguments in favor and against the existence of God. Arguments in favor and against the existence of God The first purported proof of the existence of God is the ontological argument. The ontological argument seeks to prove the existence of God from the laws of logic alone. It dates back to St Anselm, an eleventh century philosopher-theologian and archbishop of Canterbury, but was also used by the Fren ch philosopher Rene Descartes. It argues that once we mentally grasp the concept of God we can see that God’s non-existence is impossible. This argument, if it is successful, demonstrates the existence of a perfect being that could not possibly fail to exist (Arguments for God's Existence, 2004). One of the major arguments against God is caused by the invisible nature of God. Atheists are of the view that if God exists, he should appear in a visible form. In their opinion, the existence of invisible things without scientific proof cannot be believed. At the same time it should be noted that we believe that electrons and protons do exists and electricity is the flow of electrons. In other words, we have no problems in believing in the existence of electrons even though we never seen it. However, we can experience the effect of electron flow (electricity) in many ways. We know that a bulb may not be lighted unless the electricity flows through its filament. If we can believe in the existence of electrons, we can definitely believe in the existence of God also. Believers can experience the influence of God in many ways. It should be noted that electrons will flow only through good conductors. Objects such as wood, glass, etc like insulators may not conduct electricity. Same way God will act only through his believers. In other words, both electrons and the God need a medium for its working. In the case of electrons, the medium is conductors whereas in the case of God, the medium is believers. Bad conductors will never agree the concept of electron and same way atheists will never agree with the concept of God. When we look at the design and structure of this universe, we cannot reject the idea of a creator. It is illogical to believe that everything in this universe occurred accidently. In other words the symmetry of this universe provides ample evidences for the existence of god. If Earth were smaller, an atmosphere would be impossible, like the planet Me rcury. If Earth were larger, its atmosphere would contain free hydrogen, like Jupiter. Earth is the only known planet equipped with an atmosphere of the right mixture of gases to sustain plant, animal and human life. The Earth is located the right distance from the sun. Consider the temperature swings we encounter, roughly -30 degrees to +120 degrees. If the Earth were any further away from the sun, we would all freeze. Any closer

B-boy the Local Scene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

B-boy the Local Scene - Essay Example The culture is also further subdivided on the locality; this is so because music and arts in general is normally a reflection of a society. The lyrics in a song or the type of facts that a movie refers to are normally borrowed from the occurrences in the society. Given the differences in the societal structure, the activities in one society may vary slightly with those of another. This is later reflected in the composition of the music in the locality (Kitwana 87). The town of Bloomington, Indiana, also has its own local hip hop culture. The culture, just like in American hip hop, is influenced by the national hip hop to a greater extent. Hip hop was a music mentality brought into existence by Americans of African descent. These people loved rapping; a type of narration in which an artist simply counts his wordings accompanied by a beat to make music. To make them stand out from any other music genre, artists of this type of music adorned unique type of attires. For instance, they dr essed in baggy and very fashionable dresses which constituted baggy trousers, most preferably jeans, baggy T-shirts, and very expensive jewelry. Besides, the culture involves a show of liking for the basketball sport. This was a culture that was specifically coined out of the preferences portrayed by the African American population in America. Given theikr big bodies, these people loved and played basketball very well. They thus incorporated the love for the sport in the music thereby succeeding in making the sport a black phenomenon. The city of Bloomington, just like many other cities in America, has a cosmopolitan population. It has both blacks and whites living together. However, African Americans tend to dominate in matters of entertainment. This thus implies that hip hop culture is a little bit more predominant in the entertainment scenes in the demography. A bigger portion of youths of the city appreciate the culture. This is a factor they portray in their mode of dressing, t heir hair styles and their speech patterns. Just like addressed earlier, the hip hop showcased in this city borrows much from the national and international hip hop scene. However, given the unique way of life in this city, the trend in music and movie creation has a variance of its own (Watkins 78). Arts and culture is strongly appreciated in the city. Bloomington is a home to a number of cultural centers which have been attributed to the growth of the hip hop culture in the region. There are a number of both professional and armature theater companies including the Indiana university department of theatre and drama. The other is the Bloomington Playwrights Project as well as the Cardinal Stage Company and even Theatre of the People. Besides, the streets of the city are dotted with clubs, cinemas and discos. This points to the fact that arts and culture are a vibrant social aspects of the people in the city. This is also a factor that has led to the development of the hip hop cultu re since very many artists in the city own their own in house production studios. Producing media content is therefore cheap and virtually anyone having interest has the ability to put his interest into practice and turn their talents into sources of livelihoods. There are a number of national arts festivals held in the city that further support the growth of arts and culture in the city. These are platforms that have been used to help promote the hip hop cultu

Financial Applications for Excel Spreadsheet Essay

Financial Applications for Excel Spreadsheet - Essay Example The system would require a master spreadsheet that is linked to all the individual Excel timesheets for all the staff. The first spreadsheet to be created would be the one for inputting the staff member’s punch in and punch out times. Each staff would have their own timesheet under their name. It would probably consist of a bi-weekly or weekly calendar, depending on the payroll, with each day dated and a row of cells to input times in and out, for lunch and then total. There are formulas within that will calculate the decimal time from the standard time being inputted to allow it to transfer easily into the payroll program. There would also be columns for any sick, vacation or personal time used. The staff person, ideally, would sit down at their computer and before doing anything else open up the spreadsheet input the date and then time, either manually or with the shortcut keys. Then when they go to lunch sign out and in and when they leave for the day, sign out. The total for the day will appear at the end and the total for the week at the bottom, including any personal time taken in the o ther columns. Each staff person would have their own spreadsheet to fill out and they would all be located on the same network drive. The master spreadsheet would have the employee’s names in one column and then the totals for the week, or whatever pay period payroll would use, in the subsequent columns all on one spreadsheet. The totals on this sheet would be laid out the in the same order as on the timesheets to make linking the cells easier. To link you would have the master sheet open and then an individual’s timesheet. In the master sheet you would type an = sign into the cell you want to link and then switch to the timesheet, select the cell to link to there and hit enter. You will return to the master sheet and there is now a direct link to that cell on the master sheet. You can link the other cells merely by copying that master cell and

Foundations of Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Foundations of Tort - Essay Example The question that most people ask is where this concept of law originated from. There are different kinds of wrongs that people do and their special categorization relates to different modes of judgments and repercussions. One of the kinds of wrongs that are common and need people to be much aware of are torts. In legal terms, torts can be said to unlawful acts or wrongs that are given recognition by law as those standing for a lawsuit. Whenever these wrongs are committed, they result in a form of harm or injury that constitutes full ground for seeking compensation by the party that has suffered the harm. There are some torts which when committed, are categorized as criminal offences and actually call for full imprisonment or stricter approaches. However, the main aim of tort is to ensure that full compensation is done for the damages caused to the victim while at the same time, preventing cases of similar wrongs in future. The person that has suffered harm usually has two alternative approaches whenever he is faced by the situation. First, he may sue the person who caused the harm or inflicted damage to him or on the other hand, he may stop the extension of the tortuous conduct in exchange for monetary benefits. in either of the two ways, the courts have no objection as long as the matter I brought to finality in a amicable manner and the aggrieved party gets due justice satisfactoriy. Among some of the compensation that an affected stands to get in a case of tort include; the loss of capacity to earn, pain and suffering, reasonable and maximum medical expenses. These losses include both present and future expectation, a wrongful act may be committed, out of which the offender may be required to make compensation that may go a long way. The duration for provision of compensation depends on the kind of harm that was inflicted and the magnitude of the damage itself. All this things have to be analysed in a court of law and due judgment passed by

Analyse the impact and effectiveness of ILO (international labor Essay

Analyse the impact and effectiveness of ILO (international labor organization) convention in child labor in China - Essay Example expensive or less troublesome than that of adults, when other labour is scarce, and when they are considered irreplaceable by reason of their size or perceived dexterity.1† In many South Asian countries, juvenile child labour is easy to find and kept in places like workshops, factories and for household purposes. There data present showing the exact and calculated number of child labour in China. China has a history of thirty years with ILO and its role has been continuously changing since. In early 70’s China declared itself a non-active member because of the absence of inevitable tripartite employees, trade union and government structure which was the basic membership requirement of ILO. Peoples Daily, a famous newspaper in China, refers to an investigation started by the government organization which was accountable for examining labour conditions throughout the country. According to this report, child labour is most common in factories of fireworks, toys and textiles, construction, food production, and light mechanical work. Child labour is highly in demand, as children have smaller hands and pure eye vision by years of labour, which makes them more stipulating than adults for many types of work. Furthermore, child labour complexes the scenario, problems like no school, hazardous working conditions, unbelievably low wages, overloaded work pressures resulting in harmful negative effects on physical and mental growth. Abusive and sexual exploitation and armed conflict are the worse issues which also rise due to underage children working. Like any other country, there is a law in China which strictly prohibits child labour. In this paper, thus, the main focus was on the recommendations which suggest imposing severe punishment on violators and on reinforcing the government’s monitoring and judicial systems. This document is necessary to understand the efforts of China in regard to child labour and also its joint effort with the ILO2. The U.S. Department

Foundations of Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Foundations of Tort - Essay Example The question that most people ask is where this concept of law originated from. There are different kinds of wrongs that people do and their special categorization relates to different modes of judgments and repercussions. One of the kinds of wrongs that are common and need people to be much aware of are torts. In legal terms, torts can be said to unlawful acts or wrongs that are given recognition by law as those standing for a lawsuit. Whenever these wrongs are committed, they result in a form of harm or injury that constitutes full ground for seeking compensation by the party that has suffered the harm. There are some torts which when committed, are categorized as criminal offences and actually call for full imprisonment or stricter approaches. However, the main aim of tort is to ensure that full compensation is done for the damages caused to the victim while at the same time, preventing cases of similar wrongs in future. The person that has suffered harm usually has two alternative approaches whenever he is faced by the situation. First, he may sue the person who caused the harm or inflicted damage to him or on the other hand, he may stop the extension of the tortuous conduct in exchange for monetary benefits. in either of the two ways, the courts have no objection as long as the matter I brought to finality in a amicable manner and the aggrieved party gets due justice satisfactoriy. Among some of the compensation that an affected stands to get in a case of tort include; the loss of capacity to earn, pain and suffering, reasonable and maximum medical expenses. These losses include both present and future expectation, a wrongful act may be committed, out of which the offender may be required to make compensation that may go a long way. The duration for provision of compensation depends on the kind of harm that was inflicted and the magnitude of the damage itself. All this things have to be analysed in a court of law and due judgment passed by